![]() ![]() Across the 42 reviewed studies, flow was operationalized in 24 distinct ways. ![]() Flow operationalizations from papers published within the past 5 years are reviewed. In this conceptual analysis, it is argued that progress within the field has been impeded by a lack of consistency in how flow is operationalized, and that this inconsistency in part reflects an underlying confusion regarding what flow is. Nevertheless, advancement in understanding – beyond what Csikszentmihalyi uncovered during his initial breakthrough in 1975 – has been modest. The “flow” experience ( Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) has been the focus of a large body of empirical work spanning more than four decades. ![]()
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